Why is Recovery So Hard?
1. Ischemic Penumbra
Surrounding the dead core is a "sleeping" zone of neurons. They are alive but dormant due to lack of oxygen/glucose. Without rescue, they die.
2. Glial Scar (The Wall)
After injury, the brain forms a scar to seal the wound. However, this scar contains Senescent Cells that physically block new nerves from growing.
HGF: The Vascular Architect
SAO induces the production of HGF (Hepatocyte Growth Factor) by >50%. Unlike VEGF, HGF is unique:
No Edema Risk
Promotes angiogenesis without causing brain swelling (a common risk with other factors).
Wake Up Call
Delivers oxygen to the Penumbra, waking up dormant neurons to take over lost functions.
Piperlongumine: The Bulldozer
Found in Long Pepper, this compound acts as a powerful Senolytic Agent.
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Selective Clearance
It targets ONLY the senescent glial cells forming the scar, inducing apoptosis (cell death) in them, while leaving healthy neurons untouched.
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Opening the Path
By removing the scar tissue, it physically clears the road for axons (guided by HGF) to reconnect with the spinal cord.
The Result: Vicariation
Through "Neural Compensation", healthy brain areas take over the function of the damaged areas. The patient regains motor control (walking) not because the dead cells came back to life, but because the network was re-routed through the Biological Bypass.